Which organ is primarily involved in the digestion of proteins and fats?

The stomach plays a crucial role in the initial stages of protein and fat digestion. It secretes gastric juices, which contain hydrochloric acid and the enzyme pepsin. These components work together to denature proteins, unfolding their structures and allowing pepsin to break them down into smaller polypeptides. Additionally, the stomach has an important function in the emulsification of fats to a certain extent, although emulsification is more significantly handled in the small intestine.

While the small intestine is integral for the complete digestion and absorption of proteins and fats, especially with the aid of bile from the liver and pancreatic enzymes that further process these macromolecules, the stomach is where the digestion of proteins begins in earnest. Therefore, recognizing the primary role of the stomach in protein and initial fat digestion is essential when considering digestive organ functions. The esophagus mainly functions as a conduit for food to reach the stomach, and the large intestine is primarily involved in water absorption and waste formation, making them less relevant to the digestion of proteins and fats.