Which hormone is secreted by the kidneys to raise blood pressure?

The hormone secreted by the kidneys to raise blood pressure is renin. As part of the body's complex regulation of blood pressure, renin plays a crucial role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). When blood pressure drops, the kidneys detect this change in blood flow or pressure. In response, they release renin into the bloodstream.

Renin acts on a precursor protein called angiotensinogen, converting it into angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is then further converted into angiotensin II by means of an enzyme called angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), primarily in the lungs. Angiotensin II has several effects, one of which is to cause blood vessels to constrict (narrow), thereby increasing blood pressure. Additionally, angiotensin II stimulates the secretion of aldosterone from the adrenal glands, which promotes sodium and water retention by the kidneys, further contributing to elevated blood volume and pressure.

While epinephrine is involved in the fight-or-flight response and can also increase blood pressure through heart rate and vessel constriction, it is not secreted by the kidneys. Angiotensin itself is not directly secreted by the kidneys; rather, it is a product generated from ren