What ligament plays a critical role in preventing hyperextension of the spinal cord?

The anterior longitudinal ligament is vital in preventing hyperextension of the spinal column. This ligament runs along the anterior part of the vertebral bodies from the base of the skull down to the sacrum, providing stability and support to the spine. Its function is particularly crucial during activities that can lead to excessive backward bending of the spine, such as certain athletic movements or falls. By resisting this excessive extension, it helps protect the spinal cord and associated neural structures from injury.

Other ligaments mentioned in the options have different roles in spinal stability. The posterior longitudinal ligament, while also important for overall spinal stability, primarily prevents hyperflexion rather than hyperextension. The interspinous ligament connects adjacent spinous processes and provides stability during flexion and extension movements but does not play a primary role in preventing hyperextension. The ligamentum flavum connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae and is important for maintaining posture and preventing excessive flexion, but it does not specifically limit hyperextension. Thus, the anterior longitudinal ligament's role is critical in protecting against hyperextension injuries.