What is the process of taste physiology once a tastant binds to a receptor?

When a tastant binds to a receptor on the gustatory cells located on the taste buds, it initiates a cascade of physiological events. This process involves the generation of electrical signals within the gustatory cells. Once a tastant activates its specific receptor, it leads to depolarization of the gustatory cell membrane, ultimately resulting in the release of neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters then stimulate the primary sensory neurons associated with the cranial nerves, specifically the facial nerve (CN VII), the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), and the vagus nerve (CN X), depending on the location of the taste buds within the oral cavity. This signaling pathway transmits the taste information to the brain, allowing for the perception of taste.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately reflect the physiological process of taste. For instance, the connection between taste physiology and the lungs does not exist, as taste signals do not involve respiratory functions. Additionally, tastants are not converted into visual signals; taste and vision function through separate sensory pathways. Finally, the absorption of tastants does not occur in the stomach, as taste perception happens long before any potential digestion or absorption of food occurs. Hence, the correct response clearly highlights the role of