What hormone regulates stress response and is secreted by the adrenal cortex?

Cortisol is the hormone that plays a crucial role in the body's response to stress and is secreted by the adrenal cortex. It is classified as a glucocorticoid, which means it is part of a group of steroid hormones that influence glucose metabolism and the body's ability to respond to stress. When an individual encounters a stressful situation, cortisol is released, leading to several physiological changes designed to help the body manage the stressor. This includes increasing glucose availability for energy, enhancing brain function, and suppressing non-essential functions such as digestion and immune responses during acute stress.

Cortisol's role in the stress response is vital for maintaining homeostasis and allowing the body to cope with various stressors. Additionally, its levels can influence a variety of body processes, including metabolism, immune response, and even behavior.

In contrast, other hormones listed in the choices play different roles. Adrenaline is associated with the acute stress response and is secreted by the adrenal medulla, not the cortex. GnRH (Gonadotropin-releasing hormone) and GHRH (Growth hormone-releasing hormone) are involved in regulating reproductive and growth-related functions, respectively, and do not play a direct role in the stress response like cortisol