What do lysosomes primarily contain and what is their function?

Lysosomes are specialized organelles that contain a variety of digestive enzymes. Their primary function is to break down various biomolecules, including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. These enzymes work best in the acidic environment found within lysosomes, allowing the organelle to effectively digest and recycle cellular components. This process is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis, removing waste, and aiding in cell turnover.

In addition to breaking down waste materials and cellular debris, lysosomes play a crucial role in processes such as autophagy, where damaged organelles and proteins are degraded and recycled, and in protecting the cell from pathogens by degrading ingested bacteria and viruses. This capability underscores their importance in cellular health and function.

The other options do not accurately represent the structure or function of lysosomes, as they are involved in different processes or contain different materials entirely.