How does cortisol function to inhibit inflammation?

Cortisol is a steroid hormone that plays a critical role in the body’s response to stress and inflammation. One of its primary mechanisms of action in inhibiting inflammation is through the stabilization of lysosomal membranes. When lysosomal membranes are stabilized, it prevents the release of hydrolytic enzymes that can contribute to tissue damage and inflammation. This protective mechanism helps to control the inflammatory response, ultimately reducing swelling and tissue injury caused by uncontrolled inflammation.

In addition to stabilizing lysosomal membranes, cortisol has other anti-inflammatory effects, such as reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoting the synthesis of anti-inflammatory proteins. While promoting the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines does occur, the specific mechanism of stabilizing lysosomal membranes is particularly direct in limiting damage caused by inflammatory mediators. This key function of cortisol underscores its importance in managing inflammation in the body effectively.